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:''Not to be confused with Banco Espírito Santo, founded in 1920 in Portugal.'' The Bank of the Holy Spirit ((イタリア語:Il Banco di Santo Spirito)) was a bank founded by Pope Paul V on December 13, 1605. The Bank was the first national bank in Europe (as the bank of the Papal States),〔Euvino, Gabrielle. 2001. ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Italian History and Culture''. Alpha Books. ISBN 0-02-864234-1. p. 106.〕 the first public deposit bank in Rome,〔 and the oldest continuously-operating bank in Rome until its merger in 1992.〔Fodor's Online Travel Guide. 2007. "(Touring Old Rome )."〕 ==First period (1605–1923)== The Bank was founded by Pope Paul V in the ''Bench of S. Spirit'' building (which became known as the ''Palazzo del Banco di S. Spirito'') on December 13, 1605.〔 Piperno, Roberto. "(SS. Celso and Giuliano )."〕 The construction of the building was started in 1513 by Pope Leo X, on what became known as the "Street of the Banks."〔Copetas, A. Craig. 1997, April 18. "Travel: Guide Is Key to Italy's Ancient Banks --- `Forma Urbis' Unearths Many Unusual Gems." ''The Wall Street Journal''.〕 The newly founded bank provided a new source of income for the Archhospital of Santo Spirito (founded 1201),〔Cohen, M. 1994. "Capitalia S.p.A." ''International Directory of Company Histories'' 65.〕 whose financial difficulties had been increasing throughout the 16th century, and in 1607 the bank began supervising the finances of the hospital, which owned the bank.〔Freiberg, Jack. 1991. "Paul V, Alexander VII, and a Fountain by Nicolò Cordier Rediscovered." ''The Burlington Magazine'' 133 (1065): 833–843.〕 From February 20, 1606 to 1923, the Bank of the Holy Spirit provided capital for churches and hospitals constructed in Rome, and other commercial purposes. The bank lent funds to several public works projects, including the Trajan aqueduct project (begun 1608).〔 In 1750, Pope Benedict XIV, known for his condemnation of usury: ''Vix pervenit'' (promulgated November 1, 1745), reorganized the Bank and restricted its lending activities. In 1786, the bank became one of the first to issue paper money during the pontificate of Pope Pius VI.〔Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. 2003. ''Coins and Currency: An Historical Encyclopedia''. McFarland & Co., Inc. Publishing. ISBN 0-7864-1450-2. p. 317.〕 The records of the Bank are extant in the Vatican Secret Archives, but not in ''Introitus et Exitus'', the records of the Apostolic Camera.〔Ambrosini, Maria Luisa, and Willis, Mary. 1996. ''The Secret Archives of the Vatican''. Barnes & Noble Publishing. ISBN 0-7607-0125-3. p. 136.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bank of the Holy Spirit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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